Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant
Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant

Veraguas Gold Alloy Double Headed Bird Pendant

16523

$2,995.00
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Panama Circa 500 to 1520 AD  A gold bird with spread wings, pair of tallons and fan tail; co-joined heads with hook beaks;  loop hole for suspension behind;  Size 7.5 cm H x 5.5 cm W.; 2-1/8 inches H x 3 inches W; weight 31.2g. repair as viewed.

XRF elemental analysis shown in the image, revealing an alloy of gold (49.84%), copper (46.58%), silver (3.40%), and iron (0.18%), is highly consistent with pre-Columbian metallurgy, specifically matching the characteristics of tumbaga, which could vary widely but typically combined gold and copper as primary components. The presence of silver at 3.40% is also consistent with pre-Columbian metallurgy, as silver naturally occurred in gold deposits and was typically present in tumbaga at levels of 5-10%.
The object appears to be marked as "Gold 11.9K," which corresponds to its approximately 50% gold content. The designation "Plating possible" on the report suggests the piece might have undergone depletion gilding, a technique commonly used in pre-Columbian metalworking to create a gold-enriched surface.

Provenance:  From the estate of Andres Illies, who inherited it from his grandfather, Ferdinand Grebien. Mr. Ferdinand Grebien was born in Austria, and arrived in Panama in 1911 to work on the construction of the canal. He founded Grebien & Martinz, a major private construction firm, (with more than 1000 employees) that went on to build many major institutions in Panama, including the Municipal Palace of the District of Colón. Grebien was an avid collector of ancient Pre Columbian gold. Shown in the listing is a photo of Ferdinand Grebien displaying part of his gold collection at the 1964 World’s fair in NY.

All pieces are unconditionally guaranteed authentic and as described in perpetuity and have been legally acquired and imported in full accordance with U.S. and applicable foreign regulations regarding the movement and sale of antiquities.

A signed guarantee of authenticity with a description and photograph of the item(s) accompanies this object.

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Overseas shipments are usually sent by courier but contact us if you have a shipping preference. International customers are responsible for all duties and taxes. 

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